Wednesday, August 26, 2020

RFP Software Breaking Down the Options - The Writers For Hire

RFP SOFTWARE: BREAKING DOWN THE OPTIONS A few of our RFP customers have inquired as to whether there’s any great proposition programming out there. Programming that can assist them with making the proposition composing process somewhat simpler. Programming that can assist them with monitoring cutoff times, rules, structures, and updates. Programming that makes it simpler to oversee input from different commentators and equalization a few time-delicate moving parts. That’s a difficult task. Yet, we thought it was an extraordinary thought for a blog. We haven’t utilized a ton of proposition explicit programming, so we chose to leave on a little examination to become familiar with the proposition the board programming accessible today. We connected with a few RFP programming organizations that were all caring enough to give us subtleties of their projects and walk us through their best highlights. 1.Expedience Software Expedience Software’s RFP reaction bundle works as an extra to Microsoft Office.It permits clients to get to highlights legitimately through Word, by means of an extra arrangement of menus that show up inside the word-preparing program itself. This methodology has clear advantages.It exploits Word’s status as the most generally utilized word-preparing programming on the planet, along these lines permitting clients who are now acquainted with the stage to stay in an agreeable environment.Additionally, it piggybacks on Word’s capacity to co-work with different projects in the Office suite, especially Excel.In short, it expects clients to gain proficiency with a constrained arrangement of new menu alternatives and orders as opposed to an altogether new program, with an alternate area on the home screen, an alternate interface, and distinctive inner rationale. As Jason Anderson, VP for deals at Expedience Software, clarified: â€Å"Being in Wor d brings us heaps of points of interest, for the most part that it’s known.† Sticking to this recognizable stage assists clients with sparing time, decrease the expectation to absorb information and commit less errors en route, he said. Practicality Software adds new tabs to the Word menu at the highest point of the screen †in particular, Style Palette and Content Portfolio.The last is probably going to be the principal goal while creating another reaction to RFP, as it permits clients to open proposition and access applicable organization data and information through the choice of a substance portfolio (i.e., a library of put away substance from finished recommendations and related reports). It lets them search the substance portfolio and utilize the consequences of the pursuit to add standard content to archives. Furthermore, it enables clients to add metadata labels to things inside the portfolio to encourage future quests. Style Palette permits clients to desig n proposition reports, utilizing natural Word highlights, for example, style settings, tables and text boxes.It can apply recently utilized arranging and styles, with the goal that new archives don’t must be worked without any preparation. This methodology has clear advantages.It exploits Word’s status as the most generally utilized word-handling programming on the planet, in this manner permitting clients who are as of now acquainted with the stage to stay in an agreeable environment.Additionally, it piggybacks on Word’s capacity to co-work with different projects in the Office suite, especially Excel. To put it plainly, it expects clients to gain proficiency with a restricted arrangement of new menu choices and orders as opposed to a totally new program, with an alternate area on the home screen, an alternate interface, and diverse inside rationale. As Jason Anderson, VP for deals at Expedience Software, clarified: â€Å"Being in Word brings us heaps of focal points, fundamentally that it’s known.† Sticking to this natural stage assists clients with sparing time, lessen the expectation to learn and adapt and commit less errors en route, he said. Convenience Software adds new tabs to the Word menu at the highest point of the screen †in particular, Style Palette and Content Portfolio. The last is probably going to be the principal goal while creating another reaction to RFP, as it permits clients to open recommendations and access applicable organization data and information through the choice of a substance portfolio (i.e., a library of put away substance from finished proposition and related reports). It lets them search the substance portfolio and utilize the aftereffects of the pursuit to add standard content to archives. Furthermore, it enables clients to add metadata labels to things inside the portfolio to encourage future searches.Style Palette permits clients to organize proposition archives, utilizing recogniza ble Word highlights, for example, style settings, tables and text boxes.It can apply recently utilized designing and styles, with the goal that new reports don’t must be worked without any preparation. The most current variant of Expedience Software’s bundle likewise includes an Excel Connect tab (not appeared in the pictures above). This tab permits clients to move effectively to and fro among Word and Excel, a convenient element when reacting to RFPs that expect bidders to present their reactions in spreadsheet design. One disadvantage of the connection with MS Office is that Expedience Software doesn't have worked in booking or schedule capacities, so it doesn’t enable clients to set deadlines and organize programmed tokens of up and coming deadlines.And, since it centers principally around record creation and altering, Expedience Software doesn’t offer the same number of task the executives as other programming. Be that as it may, Expedience Software includes a fascinating way to deal with security and client get to. A large portion of the suppliers we talked with utilized a full authorizing framework that necessary every client inside an organization to have an individual permit to get to the program. Yet, Anderson clarified that Expedience Software issues licenses just to clients who need to get to all aspects of the substance portfolio. Permit holders would then be able to concede outside specialists and experts restricted access to essential survey and altering capacities without the need to obtain extra licenses, he clarified. â€Å"Most other programming wont let you control access to content along these lines, yet we do,† he said. Anderson additionally focused on that permit holders had the capacity to keep unlicensed clients from getting to all aspects of the company’s library. â€Å"You can confine authorship,† he stated, clarifying that this choice protected the security of organization records whi le guaranteeing that lower-level workers and outside advisors could at present view and alter proposition archives as vital. He further noticed that these security arrangements permitted directors to ensure private data without setting up extra stockpiling foundation. Permit holders can limit initiation to records on existing organization servers or some other stockpiling arrangement, he said. â€Å"If there’s a firewall, it tends to be behind that. It very well may be on a system drive [or] in the cloud,† he said. The reality: Expedience Software gives propelled archive the board alternatives in a setting that is both recognizable and simple to get to. Fundamental stars: Based on recognizable Word stage and has a low learning curveTies legitimately into ExcelMain cons: No planning or schedule highlights Few undertaking the executives highlights 2.Qwilr Qwilr is very unique in relation to Expedience Software. This isn't on the grounds that it is an independent program with no express connect to existing stages, yet additionally on the grounds that it intends to turn out an alternate kind of item. Reactions to RFPs ordinarily tail one of two configurations: Word-type reports that portray a given company’s capacity to give merchandise and additionally benefits, just as its consistence with necessities Spreadsheets that contain a similar kind of information and data in a pre-organized, Excel-type design By differentiate, Qwilr permits clients to produce a unique reaction that looks somewhat like a website page than to a heap of paper. Completed Qwilr items are electronic and have site like components, for example, hyperlinks, video content and online statement acknowledgment. Moreover, they can be assembled, altered and seen on cell phones, tablets and other cell phones. The product has all the earmarks of being anything but difficult to explore, with a direct, point-and-snap interface. â€Å"In terms of convenience, we’re up there. T he product is even wonderful to use,† said Jomar Gomez, a deals and client achievement delegate for Qwilr. Additionally, he stated, the finished result is anything but difficult to explore, â€Å"as it’s progressively like a site page with structure elements.† Qwilr’s principle center is around this kind of powerful introduction. Be that as it may, clients can likewise produce RFP reactions in a few configurations, including text, and can spare records as PDFs. Moreover, Qwilr makes a lot of structure and realistic components accessible to clients trying to make dynamic responses.It incorporates numerous pre-set layouts, each with an alternate look and believe, and furthermore lets clients get to a library of stock photographs. The product additionally offers an implicit statement acknowledgment apparatus that takes into consideration a fast reaction from contracting organizations.This simple to-utilize device highlights sliders that can be enacted with th e snap of a mouse or the tap of a finger. Another convenient device is the Analytics include, which assists clients with monitoring the advancement of a task, from the formation of the underlying report to reactions from contracting associations Despite its forward-looking highlights, Qwilr doesn't dismiss the way that clients need more than appealing illustrations and plan. It enables clients to make and access a library of standard writings, and its Clone include smoothes out the way toward utilizing past records as a model for new reactions. Qwilr utilizes a standard authorizing model, with every individual client required to acquire a permit. It likewise incorporates security highlights, for example, Block, which confines access to and altering capacities, making it a solid match for organizations that acquire outside specialists or ex

Saturday, August 22, 2020

ORAL PRESENATION essays

ORAL PRESENATION articles The name of my case is Walski versus Tiesenga. This case had occurred in the preeminent court of Illinois in 1978. This case was about a thyroid activity that turned out badly, which brought about the deadening of the offended party vocal harmony. The respondent worked to expel the offended party thyroid, and the nerve which goes through the thyroid may have been harmed, which brought about loss of voice. This case was attempted in a preliminary court and afterward coordinated to a middle of the road redrafting court where the issue was the litigant as opposed to finding the nerve, made a wide slice in order to keep away from the territory where the nerve was believed to be. In an outcome the offended party nerve was cut and vocal harmonies are deadened. The holding in the preliminary court was an immediate decision for the respondent and the re-appraising court confirmed the preliminary courts choice. The courts thinking depended on the offended party had the weight of setting up th at the respondent specialists were liable of misbehavior, yet she fizzled, anyway to present proof of the standard of care to which the litigants will undoubtedly follow. The Plaintiff master Dr. Berger affirmed just concerning his very own inclination for segregating the nerve under the realities introduced to him in the speculative inquiry. He at no time affirmed that there was a for the most part acknowledged clinical standard of care or expertise that necessary the recognizable proof of the nerve the situation being what it is. I concur with the courts choice since this case falls under the clinical specialist obligation, which to demonstrate clinical carelessness an offended party must demonstrate standard of card and the offended party had neglected to do as such. ... <!

Monday, August 17, 2020

Most Universities Will Charge £9000 Tuition Fees

Most Universities Will Charge £9000 Tuition Fees The OE Blog National Student Union president Aaron Porter has revealed that his “behind the scenes conversations” with university executive committees across the country indicate that the majority will choose to charge the maximum £9000 tuition fees in 2012. The controversial coalition government’s policy to raise tuition fees is to replace withdrawn government funding due to enormous cuts to the education budget. Throughout the debate, Prime Minister David Cameron, Deputy PM Nick Clegg and Universities Minister David Willetts have insisted that the upper limit of £9000 would only be charged by a few universities under “exceptional circumstances”, and would be subject to extremely strict measures to ensure that such universities were offsetting the higher fees with a broad and effective access program to support underprivileged applicants. This new information from Porter suggests that these assurances may have been no more than a smokescreen blown by the government in an attempt to reconcile angry voters and protesters to the scheme, which has attracted a huge amount of controversy and opposition from across all sectors of society. Education institutions, campaign groups and protesters have all warned that the decision of the government to allow university tuition fees to be almost trebled could have devastating consequences for fair access to education, with a huge number of children from more underprivileged backgrounds no longer being able to make the move to university. If Porter is right, their doom and gloom prophecies may well come true. These reports are especially worrying given the failure of the government to follow through on its planned rigorous access procedures, with the promising initial scheme of a year’s free state-funded tuition for the poorest students being scrapped in favour of allowing universities free reign to choose from a number of cushier, less-targeted access options. Allowing universities to choose their own access schemes is likely to result in the same problems we see at the moment, where elite universities like Oxford and Cambridge who claim to spend thousands of pounds on access programs nonetheless yield unimpressive results, with only a tiny percentage of such pupils going on to take up Oxbridge places. Not only will such a large proportion of universities charging the maximum fees be catastrophic for access to education, it could also ironically render the government’s entire money-saving scheme defunct, as higher fees will mean higher loans being taken out by students, with longer repayment periods, putting a much greater financial strain on the public purse. A top UK think-tank has also proved that should future graduate earnings waver by only a few percentage points from the government’s predictions, the scheme would be “as likely to lose as to make money” overall. Porter’s “behind the scenes” revelations suggest that universities will be reluctant to charge lower tuition fees, seeing the prices they set as an indication of the quality of education they provide, and with enormous public spending cuts to recoup, who can blame them? Whilst the government have tried frantically to quash Porter’s suggestions as scaremongering and guesswork, one cannot help but look at the facts. Universities will now rely almost entirely on fees after the enormous government cuts â€" a strong incentive to charge the highest tuition fees they possibly can to retain financial stability. Figures out this week showed that an overwhelming 210,000 students missed out on university places this year â€" suggesting an enormous demand for places that must make most institutions feel fairly confident about filling their quotas regardless of how high they set their prices. And access measures wielded by the government as some sort of magic wand to restrict prices from getting too high have proved to be pathetically wishy-washy in development. The temptation to rush out and join the protesters grows stronger by the day…

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

President Roosevelt s President Of The Republican...

1. Presidential Facts: My president’s name is Theodore Roosevelt. His nickname is Teddy. Did you know the Teddy Bear was named after him? President Roosevelt was in office from September 14, 1901 until March 4, 1909. He was the 26th president of the United States. President Roosevelt was in the Republican Progressive Party. Theodore Roosevelt was born in New York City, New York on October 27, 1858. He died in Cove Neck, New York on January 6, 1919. He was 60 years old. President Roosevelt’s wives names were Alice Lee and Edith Carow. He had six children, two daughters and four sons. Their names were Alice, Theodore III, Kermit, Ethel, Archibald, and Quentin. President Roosevelt did not have a vice-president from 1901-1905. I was not able to find out why, but I did find out that he was the 5th president to have no vice- president in the 1st term. From 1905-1909 his vice-president was Charles W. Fairbanks. President Roosevelt had cabinet members to help him lead the United States. One of the cabinets is the Secretary of State. This position helps with issues with foreign countries. The Secretary of State position was held by John Milton Hay (1901- 1905), Elihu Root (1905-1909), and Robert Bacon (1909). Another cabinet is the Secretary of the Treasury. This position helps with money and financial matters. The Secretary of the Treasury position was held by Lyman Gage (1901-1902), Leslie M. Shaw (1902-1907), and GeorgeShow MoreRelatedTheodore Roosevelt s The Progressive Era Essay1543 Words   |  7 Pagesof a very liberal period in American history. This new ‘Progressive Era’ was mobilized largely by the middle class as an attempt to put an end to the problems created by the period of excess that was the Gilded Age. Believing that big business was ruining democracy, and assuming a moral obligation to shield the poor and downtrodden from corrupt capitalists, the Progressives commenced an era of sweeping reforms. From the outset, the Progressive movement targeted domestic issues such as political machinesRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt, President Of New York1745 Words   |  7 PagesOctober 27, 1858, Theodore Roosevelt was governor of New York before becoming U.S. vice president. At age 42, Teddy Roosevelt became the youngest man to assume the U.S. presidency after President William McKinley was assassinated in 1901. He won a second term in 1904. Known for his anti-monopoly policies and ecological conservationism, Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for his part in ending the Russo-Japanese War. He died in New York on January 6, 1919. Theodore Roosevelt Jr. was born on OctoberRead MoreChief Executive : The President Of The United States Forest Service1514 Words   |  7 PagesChief Executive: As a chief executive the president has the power to Enforce laws, act as administrator of the federal bureaucracy, issue executive orders, and appoint and remove judges and other high ranking officials in the government. The first person to go was Chief of the United States Forest Service,Gifford Pinchot, due to a scandal involving U.S. Secretary of Interior, Richard Ballinger.Ballinger accused Roosevelt of using his power improperly by moving large tracts of public lands into reserveRead MoreEssay on The United States Democratic Party History1027 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The United States Democratic Party History The Democratic Party is one of the oldest and biggest party in the United States. The other one is the Republican Party. Every four years the party holds a National Convention where they pick one from their party to be the next candidate for the presidency. The last Convention took place in Charlotte, North Carolina in 2012 where Barack Obama was nominated for President and Joe Biden was nominated for Vice President, and as we all know that turned outRead MoreThe Election of 1912 Essay1054 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Progressive Era, Americans faced the challenge of choosing between four strong candidates of the election of 1912. Each candidate held concrete platforms that would have different effects on progressivism. Americans could chose the conservative presidential incumbent William Howard Taft(R), the New Jersey governor Woodrow Wilson (D), the long-time fighter for social reform-Eugene V. Debs (S), or the former president Theodore Roosevelt of the newly formed Bull Moose Party (Progressive Party). ThroughRead MoreEssay about 1912 Election1032 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Progressive Era, Americans faced the challenge of choosing between four strong candidates of the election of 1912. Each candidate held concrete platforms that would have different effects on progressivism. Americans could chose the conservative presidential incumbent William Howard Taft(R), the New Jersey governor Woodrow Wilson (D), the long-time fighter for social reform-Eugene V. Debs (S), or the former president Theodore Roosevelt of the newly formed Bull Moose Party (Progressive Party). ThroughRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During the early 1900’s the president of the United States of America was a man called Theodore Roosevelt. Although he began his term as president with the death of President McKinley, his period in the White House turned out to be one of the most progressive periods in American history. His progressive pol icies influenced the direction that the country would take in the twentieth century. In the following paper I will explain several of Theodore Roosevelt’s progressive polices. Specifically IRead MoreObjectives Of The Progressive Era1500 Words   |  6 Pages LESSON 17 - Progressive Era Objectives: Identify and understand how reform movements changed society Identify and understand how women influenced change Identify and understand the impact of Presidential policy upon America Change comes to the United States In the beginning of the 20th Century, a movement called Progressivism began to improve American society. The Progressivism movement had four major goals: A) To protect social welfare by fixing the various problems of city lifeRead MoreThe Democrats Of The Civil War Era Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesIn the mid-1800’s, the country was split between the Republicans, who had allied with the Union, and the Democrats, who had allied with the Confederacy. Over time, the Democrats and Republicans switched platforms and ideologies back and forth multiple times. In fact, Abraham Lincoln was a Republican by name, but today we would consider him a socially left-leaning Democrat. These switches were caused by Civil Rights in the 18 and 1960’s and other major events (DeMichele). The Democrats of the CivilRead MoreThe Democrats Of The Civil War Era Essay1201 Words   |  5 PagesIn the mid-1800s, the country was split between the Republicans, who had allied with the Union, and the Democrats, who had allied with the Confederacy. Over time, the Democrats and Republicans switched platforms and ideologies back and forth multiple times. In fact, Abraham Lincoln was a Republican by name, but today we would consider him a socially left-leaning Democrat. These switches were caused by Civil Rights in the 18 and 1960’s and other major events (DeMichele). The Democrats of the Civil

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Art Birth of the Virgin Free Essays

Description In Pietro Lorenzetti’s triptych, Birth of the Virgin, the artist’s gift for pictorial illusionism is clearly evident. The painting is 6’1’‘X5’11’’ in dimensions and painted with tempera on wood. Lorenzetti enhances the illusion by using various vertical lines as well as painting a column through one of the figures. We will write a custom essay sample on Art: Birth of the Virgin or any similar topic only for you Order Now This creates an illusion of extended space within the painting. Lorenzetti uses shades of red, brown, green, black and blue. The clothing of the figures are darker in shade compared to the background of the scene which is painted in tints of yellow and white. The contrast each other very well and draws more attention to the subject of the painting, Saint Anne. The strong contrast between the light and dark colors of the painting create a three dimensional illusion. Lorenzetti uses the tints of white and yellow to contrast the the wardrobe and appearance of the figures. The artist also used extensive shading on the wardrobe and curtains to add a three dimensional appearance to the painting. Lorenzetti was successful in creating depth within his painting for it shows the room as three dimensional rather that two dimensional. Overall, the colors truly create a sense of drama within this painting. The subject of the triptych, St. Anne, is in a reclining posture. There are three scenes within this painting. First, we see the child informing Joachim on the birth of his daughter. We also see women bringing gifts to the new mother. Lastly, the midwives attend to and wash the new child. The painting has two triangular aspects in this painting with St. Anne at its highest point and also the dome at the top of the triptych as another high point. How to cite Art: Birth of the Virgin, Papers

Monday, May 4, 2020

Cuttyhunk Bank Memo to Members free essay sample

As you have probably read in the Boston newspaper, a recent memo sent to the Cuttyhunk Bank managers gave the wrong impression that bank members are to not attend the Special Meeting scheduled to be held on May 27, 2012. Unfortunately this was a miscommunication on our part, please receive our sincere apologies. We hope and expect that every member of this institution will attend the meeting. If you are unable to attend and unless you indicate otherwise, your proxies will be voted in favor of the proposal under consideration. Your participation in this Special Meeting will allow you to hear, participate, and vote on open agenda topics. We expect the discussions will clarify management’s and the Trustees’ position on the merger with Harbor State Bank, and the return to a state charter bank. The conversion to a state charter savings bank will enhance Cuttyhunk Bank’s ability to serve its customers while remaining a viable, competitive financial institution. We will write a custom essay sample on Cuttyhunk Bank Memo to Members or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As I stated in my April 25th letter, your relationship with Cuttyhunk Bank will not be affected through this transition. Your money will continue to be insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Also, once the conversion has taken place, deposits in excess of FDIC limit of $100,000 will now be insured by the Deposit Insurance of Massachusetts. This improves our already strong deposit insurance protection. Lastly, as members (depositors and borrowers) of a Federal Savings Bank, you are entitled to attend the annual Cuttyhunk Bank meeting. The annual meeting reports on the progress of the bank’s previous year, future plans, elected Trustees, as well as vote on the bank’s by-laws changes. This is your right and we want you to be part of it.

Sunday, March 29, 2020

Qualified Personnel in the Pharmaceutical Industry free essay sample

A paper which shows how medically qualified personnel can add value to the pharmaceutical industry. By examining several examples, the paper shows how medically trained personnel play a key role in bridging the gap between the pharmaceutical industry and the medical industry. It shows that as well as the medical knowledge, the ethics and patient focus of a medically trained professional also adds value to the industry and to health and patient care in general. This is also valuable working in the opposite direction. Medically qualified personnel can communicate the needs of the medical community to the pharmaceutical industry, for example if a new drug is needed for a certain condition. If a strong need is communicated, the pharmaceutical can put research funding into searching for a suitable new drug. Based on the commercial nature of the pharmaceutical industry, it is logical that pharmaceutical companies will work to develop products if they know there is a market for them. We will write a custom essay sample on Qualified Personnel in the Pharmaceutical Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This helps both the medical industry, the pharmaceutical industry and ultimately, the public and the patient as well.

Saturday, March 7, 2020

Free Essays on Cats Cradle

Cat’s Cradle by Kurt Vonnegut Cat’s Cradle is a realistic fantasy that counters every aspect of our culture and satirizes it with many comedic, yet serious elements. It propounds a completely new outlook on life through the eyes of a very enticing and well-rounded character. At the onset of his adventure we learn that he makes a covenant with himself to write a book, and to the end he is dedicated to doing it despite the obstacles that he is faced with. In order to overcome this rude awakening he has to adjust to the environment whose threshold he enters and fit in with the very eccentric people that contrive it. Cat’s Cradle is effective in several different aspects. Its very active main character does a great job of guiding us through the book with his subtle and sly actions, easy to follow narration, and his humanistic characteristics. The plot of the book is unusual, although quite exhilarating. Our ability to understand its unconventional web of ideas is accredited to the main character’ s fascination and involvement in the book. Adding to the suspense and unpredictability of the book, we only find out what the book tells us, and therefore are very dependent on it. This book hits home with all three of these essential criteria and that is why it is a must read for everyone. In Cat’s Cradle the main character is a very fascinating young man named John, whose point of view is intricately and gradually woven as the story progresses. He is an avid writer, who is currently writing a book about the events that occurred in America during the Hiroshima bombing. He is specifically interested in the Hoennikker family, and his devious method of retrieving valuable information for his story, turns into a vivid adventure full of exciting and unusual experiences. He is obviously a very intriguing character, not only due to his striking intelligence but also because of his other interests, like women. Many males can relate to a char... Free Essays on Cat's Cradle Free Essays on Cat's Cradle Cat’s Cradle by Kurt Vonnegut Cat’s Cradle is a realistic fantasy that counters every aspect of our culture and satirizes it with many comedic, yet serious elements. It propounds a completely new outlook on life through the eyes of a very enticing and well-rounded character. At the onset of his adventure we learn that he makes a covenant with himself to write a book, and to the end he is dedicated to doing it despite the obstacles that he is faced with. In order to overcome this rude awakening he has to adjust to the environment whose threshold he enters and fit in with the very eccentric people that contrive it. Cat’s Cradle is effective in several different aspects. Its very active main character does a great job of guiding us through the book with his subtle and sly actions, easy to follow narration, and his humanistic characteristics. The plot of the book is unusual, although quite exhilarating. Our ability to understand its unconventional web of ideas is accredited to the main character’ s fascination and involvement in the book. Adding to the suspense and unpredictability of the book, we only find out what the book tells us, and therefore are very dependent on it. This book hits home with all three of these essential criteria and that is why it is a must read for everyone. In Cat’s Cradle the main character is a very fascinating young man named John, whose point of view is intricately and gradually woven as the story progresses. He is an avid writer, who is currently writing a book about the events that occurred in America during the Hiroshima bombing. He is specifically interested in the Hoennikker family, and his devious method of retrieving valuable information for his story, turns into a vivid adventure full of exciting and unusual experiences. He is obviously a very intriguing character, not only due to his striking intelligence but also because of his other interests, like women. Many males can relate to a char...

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

Coninental Airlines Case Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Coninental Airlines Case Study - Research Paper Example n the last decade of the 20th Century, where Continental got out of the bankruptcy channel and started its way out to growth, the company as comparatively to EDS was just one of the company seeking solutions. As certain programming and IT management is not the core part of an Airline company, these operations were inevitably going to be outsourced to professional skills providing consultants and implementers. Now laying within the company, Continental after being stable towards its economic inflow through the Go Forward Plan was looking towards innovation. This also caused for major managerial change with much more skilled and innovative people. The difference is then directly seen when the core group of Continental was downsized and better people were hired who required newer, better and quicker solutions to the problems. When compared to EDS, at the end of first five years, Continental started to grow somewhat of a critical thinking system through the leadership of Bethune and Bren neman. That happened as they returned the company to profitability. Wejman being in charge and comparing the history through the scope of Continental in the relationship to EDS is of much regard towards the future five years. The most important of that being is stability towards Continentals constant change of managerial staff, executive office staff and creating constant long run solutions with systematic modifications throughout the year(s). Continental being a growing company, now was looking forward for IT solutions in all aspect to provide maximum concentration towards customer relations. Clearing making the prime priority to gain trust of the customers to have them fly often with Continental ensuring quality and time-saving incentives. Having made a World Wide Web domain, the IT outsourcing then was necessary to have a smoother in house work load. (Consulting, 2009) This major change was not necessary a easy solution to play with on EDS part and required sudden changes from the

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Infrared spectroscopy structural determination Lab Report

Infrared spectroscopy structural determination - Lab Report Example These regions are named relative to their position on the spectrometer. From the graph, the boiling point is 151Â °C which makes the unknown organic compound to be isopropyl benzene. This works on the basis that molecules tend to take in specific frequencies that can be related to their structure. The type of bond vibrating is directly proportional to the absorption rate. The amount of energy can also be determined by the shape of the molecular potential energy surfaces, the atomic masses and the vibrancy coupling. When laboratory findings are being investigated, gaseous sample are usually taken through various processes in order to be ready for tests. Gaseous materials need samples with a long path length. The long path length is necessary for the diluteness. The path length is then reflected on the graph creating the motions (Soderberg 86). The path length determines the can be used to determine the concentration of the compound under investigation. This technique is widely used both in organic and inorganic chemistry and has proven lots of help to s cientists. The technique has been applied also while checking the level or concentration of gases in green

Monday, January 27, 2020

Understanding Change Management In Nursing Leaders Nursing Essay

Understanding Change Management In Nursing Leaders Nursing Essay Leadership is defined as influencing people to achieve a purpose or set of goals, but differentiating it from management causes confusion in many instances (Tappen, Weiss and Whitehead, 2004; Senior and Fleming, 2006; Robbins, Judge and Sanghi, 2009). Leaders can be managers but not all managers can be effective leaders, making leadership an important aspect of effective management (Tappen, Weiss and Whitehead, 2004). Several attempts have been made over the years to explain the characteristics of an effective leader. Trait, behavioural/style, situational-contingency and transformational theories are some of the theories that have been proposed to explain these characteristics (Yoder-Wise, 2003; Tappen, Weiss and Whitehead, 2004; Senior and Fleming, 2006). Goleman (2000) also used competencies of emotional intelligence (self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and social skills) to explain these characteristics. Nevertheless, none of these theories seem to adequately explain the characteristics that make an individual an effective leader. Yoder-Wise (2003) recognises followership as attitudes exhibited by individuals that the leader comes into contact with and explains that followers collaborate and act with the leader. Mahoney (2001) states that all nurses must acquire leadership skills since nursing leadership ranges from the staff nurse caring for a patient to a nurse in charge of a hospital. Nurses in clinical leadership positions collaborate with other leaders in the healthcare system to promote positive change (Touati et al., 2006). However, Antrobus and Kitson (1999) criticise nursing leadership for its lack of external focus (socio-political impact on health policies). They recommend that, in addition to the knowledge on issues related to nursing practice, potential leaders of nursing should familiarise themselves with social and health policies, management and research. Sutherland and Dodd (2008) identify that a lot of changes are occurring within the healthcare system, driving the need for leadership development. As a clinical leader in the making, a sound understanding of strategies for change management would prepare me as an effective leader. This is a reflective essay on how I set up a personal development plan to gain much insight on strategies for change management. The reflection is guided by Gibbss reflective cycle (1988 cited by Jasper, 2003). Although Cotton (2001) sees reflective practice in nursing as a problem, Durgahee (1996) identifies that nurses are able to perfect their actions when they examine their experiences through reflection and, consequently, become conscious of how different elements of care inform total professional nursing practice. The essay begins with a brief introduction of my background, and a description of issues that led me to focus on change management strategies in my personal development plan. It, then, follows with a reflection on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that I have and how these would influence my career in the future. The plan is presented, beginning with my learning objective and actions that I hope to take to meet my learning objective. The literature is then reviewed, followed by an appraisal of my organisation and how I plan to implement change. The last section describes my progress. Professional Background I graduated with a BSc. Nursing degree from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) in Ghana in 2008. I practised at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), also in Ghana, as a general nurse for one year before enrolling at the University of Nottingham for MSc. Advanced Nursing. My responsibilities, as stated by the Ghana Health Service (2005), are to: Assess care needs of patients, develop and implement plans of nursing care accordingly Formulate, initiate and revise patient care as condition warrants Participate in ward rounds Allocate tasks based on skill of staff Supervise staff and students in the ward Evaluate nursing care and ensure continuity of care In the third year of my undergraduate course, I was one of three students selected for a twelve-week exchange programme in the United States of America. The goal was for us to experience healthcare system and nursing practice in the USA and effect positive changes in nursing and healthcare at KATH. Generally, students who participate in such programs develop themselves, learn differences between cultures, and are able to compare healthcare systems and nursing in the respective countries (Scholes and Moore, 2000; Button, Green, Tengnah et al, 2005). Judging from the exposure I had in the USA, I felt I could make a major impact on my colleagues upon my return. Exchange students, whether short-term (1 4 weeks) or long-term (more than 4 weeks), expect to have a positive influence upon their return to their home countries (Button et al, 2005; Carty et al, 2002). I developed myself, to an extent, as a result of participating in the exchange programme. This was confirmed by some of my colleagues. I, also, learnt some of the similarities and differences in culture, nursing practice and healthcare between the USA and Ghana. Notwithstanding, the overall purpose of having positive impact on my colleagues was not realised. I believe that lack of a strategy to effect the proposed changes as well as failure to collaborate with the other exchange students were the major reasons for the failure. I expect to develop a teaching package to delay the progression of chronic kidney disease among patients with diabetes as my Advanced Nursing Practice module project and implement it at KATH. I, also, hope to gain new ideas on patient care while I am in the United Kingdom. Upon my return to Ghana, I aspire to assume a nurse-educator role. This job would give me some influence over the training of nurses at KNUST and KATH. All these have led me to focus on change management in my personal development plan so as to make positive changes in nursing at KATH. I should be able to reflect on my strengths, weaknesses, any opportunities and threats that may influence my aspiration to effect some changes at KATH and Pearce (2007) suggests that using SWOT framework is a good way to do this. Therefore, using the SWOT analysis framework, I identified the following: Strengths I am committed to what I do I am good at motivating others I have good interpersonal skills I have good presentation skills Weaknesses I attempt to please everybody I am too lenient Opportunities I am studying with colleagues from different parts of the world I have other experience from abroad I am likely to become a nurse-educator at KNUST Threat Majority of the staff may see me as young and inexperienced to lead them Pearce (2007) suggests that once threats have been identified, there should be a way to handle them. By confidently demonstrating the experience gained, developing good interpersonal relationships and clearly presenting shared visions, majority of the staff are likely to collaborate with me (Martin, 2006). THE PLAN Learning Objective Needs assessment assists individuals to set clear learning objectives for their personal development plan (Holloway, 2000). Reflection on the exchange program reveals that I lack ideas on strategies and skills required to lead change within an organisation. Therefore, it is my primary objective to use this personal development plan to learn and develop strategies to lead change in the institution that I work in. Actions to Meet the Objective The Management Standards Centre (2004a) suggests that leaders must possess three kinds of knowledge and understanding to be able to lead change successfully. These are general knowledge and understanding (example is knowledge on models and methods for leading organisational change, their strengths as well as their weaknesses), sector-specific knowledge and understanding (example is knowledge on emerging developments in the health sector) and context-specific knowledge and understanding (example is knowledge on areas within the organisation that need change, with reasons and priorities). To lead change successfully, leaders must, also, be able to describe the change process within the organisation and how it affects the people within (Mott, 1996). Considering these, actions that I consider as appropriate for me to meet my objective are as follows; Review literature on change management within organisations; Perform an appraisal of the organisation that I work in; and Plan the implementation of the change. Main resources that are needed to undertake these actions are time and literature on leadership and change management within organisations. I should be able to achieve my objective within seven months and the outcome measure for me would be my ability to identify change management strategies that would best fit my organisational context. LITERATURE REVIEW Change Management within Organisations Change in organisations is inevitable (reactive) and desirable but, usually, complex and difficult to bring about (Sturdy and Grey, 2003; Bellman, 2003; Boshoff, 2005; Dzik-Jurasz, 2006). Yet, there are many a time when change is proactive (planned) organisations make changes due to opportunities that they have to improve the workplace or their output (Dzik-Jurasz, 2006), and is also described as innovation. Change is very vital for healthcare institutions that seek to deliver quality and patient-centred care to its clientele, and nursing leadership is regarded as a linchpin for such changes to be successful (Dzik-Jurasz, 2006; Sutherland and Dodd, 2008). As a nurse aspiring to be a clinical leader, understanding the processes of change is, therefore, indispensable. Pettigrew, McKee and Ferlie (1988) state that leaders of change should focus on the content, the process, the context of the change as well as the successful regulation of the relationship between the three. They explain content as the specific areas where the change is expected to occur, and processes as the activities, expected reactions and interactions between the groups that seek to bring about the change. Context, as they explain, refer to internal and external factors that have influence over activities within the organisation. Lewin (1951 cited by Senior and Fleming, 2006) identifies three stages; unfreezing, moving and refreezing. At the stage of unfreezing, problems, needs or opportunities for change are identified, and the stage where new strategies or ideas are implemented causes individuals within the organisation to experience the change (moving). Finally, the stage of refreezing is reached when the change has been well integrated into the organisation (Yoder-Wise, 2003; Boshoff, 2005). Tappen, Weiss and Whitehead (2004), also, identify that change process is in four phases; description of the change, planning the implementation of the change, implementing the change, and integrating the change. Change starts when awareness of the need for it is created and ends when a complete evaluation of its expected effects has been done after the implementation (ibid). Lewin (1951 cited by Baulcomb, 2003) states that change is associated with certain forces that either facilitate or resist it; success would result when the forces facilitating the change exceed those that are resisting it within the context. Personnel within the organisation may be one of such forces. People resist change on the grounds of their psychosocial needs, the appropriateness of the change and, also, how the change affects their position and power (Tappen, Weiss and Whitehead, 2004). Therefore, they should be taken into consideration and be actively involved in the change process (Boshoff, 2005). Bennis et al. (1985 cited by Bellman, 2003) identify three strategies of change and these are rational-empirical, power-coercive and normative-re-educative strategies. Rational-empirical and power-coercive strategies both use top-down approaches while normative-re-educative approach employs a bottom-up approach. Top-down approach involves senior management generating the idea, planning and directly implementing the change while the bottom-up approach directly indulges the employees in the change process (Ryan, 2008). However, Ryan (2008) adds that top-down strategy alone is not effective for managing change at all times although it is very common under transformational leadership. Other strategies are education and communication; participation and involvement; facilitation and support; negotiation and agreement; and manipulation, cooptation, and coercion; and, dependent on the situation, these strategies may be used alone or in combination (Kotter and Schlesinger, 1979 cited by Yoder -Wise, 2003). It appears that the kind of strategy used would influence how the content of the change would be communicated to the parties involved. Action research is another change strategy and the process is said to begin when change is considered necessary (Bellman, 2003). Relevant data is collected systematically and reported to individuals who must act on it, after which plans are collaboratively formulated and the necessary actions undertaken research and action combined (Senior and Fleming, 2006). The process is in five stages (diagnosis, analysis, feedback, action and evaluation) and is described as problem-focussed, and able to reduce staff resistance because of their active involvement in the process (Robbins, Judge and Sanghi, 2009). Organisational Appraisal Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) is the second largest teaching hospital in Ghana, training many doctors, nurses and other paramedics in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. It is an autonomous service delivery agent under the Ministry of Health of Ghana (MOH, 2009a). In addition to training many of the health personnel in the Ashanti Region, many people within and outside the Ashanti Region seek healthcare there. As a result, provision of quality healthcare has always been the focus. An organisation that recognises the need for change, weighs costs and benefits, and plans for the change when the benefits outweigh the costs is ready for a change (Dalton and Gottlieb, 2003). KATH is, therefore, ready for change because some of its employees are sent overseas or to other parts of the country, whenever there is the need for a new skill or knowledge to be gained, to bring about a positive change within the hospital. This may be a factor that would facilitate my agenda to implement lead chan ge within the institution upon my return. However, Ghana, as a country is underdeveloped (CIA, 2008). Therefore, financial support, many a time, becomes a difficulty. Another challenge may be the fewer nursing staff. The Ministry of Health (2009b) estimates that there was a nurse-to-population ratio of 1:2024 in Ashanti Region and 1:1451 for the entire country in year 2007. Planning the Implementation of the Change This is the second stage of the change process, as was identified by Tappen, Weiss and Whitehead (2004), and it involves identifying possible resistant forces to the proposed change and identifying strategies to prevent or overcome them. The change strategies to adopt as well as how to communicate the need for change are considered at this stage (Management Standards Centre, 2004b). Bellman (2003) suggests that the normative-re-educative (bottom-up) strategy is suitable for changing practice within nursing. As it appears in my case, the need for change would be driven from bottom (an employee) to top (management) and is likely to be supported by the nurses since it is coming from their colleague. Nevertheless, others may resist the change because they might not see the need for it (Baulcomb, 2003). But Martin (2006) suggests that a clear presentation of the vision and need for change may cause a majority of the staff to support it. Flower and Guillaume (2002) suggest that unfreezing stakeholders of healthcare is a necessity to unfreezing the institution. Stakeholders at KATH for my project include the Director of Nursing Services (DNS), the Deputy Director of Nursing Services (DDNS) for the medical directorate, and the head of the diabetic clinic. When these key people are made to recognise the need for a change, then hospital management is likely to support the proposed change. In times like these when evidence-based practice is being advocated for (McEwen, 2007), I should be able to use evidence to justify the need for a change. I, therefore, plan to undertake a study that would compare the teaching package that I hope to introduce with the current approach used at KATH. If the new teaching package proves to be relatively successful, then majority of the staff are likely to appreciate the need for it. Progress Reflecting on the exchange program, I realise that the idea of bringing about change in practice was not clearly communicated. None of the processes of change, as has been identified now, were known at that time neither was there a strategy or a plan for the change. Some changes are unsuccessful because they are not clearly defined (Tappen, Weiss and Whitehead, 2004) and that is exactly what happened. Although I am still working on developing the teaching package that may be different from what is already present at KATH, I now realise that its purpose and effectiveness should be well communicated to other colleagues and management before the idea would be supported. I have discussed my ideas with the Director of Nursing Service of KATH and the Deputy Director of Nursing Services for the medical directorate and both of them seem excited about my idea. However, I have come to understand that all kinds of change are likely to face some form of resistance from the people (Baulcomb, 2003; Tappen, Weiss and Whitehead, 2004). I therefore, hope to apply the normative-re-educative (bottom-up) strategy because it has been identified as suitable for changing practice within nursing (Bellman2003). I also believe that such a strategy would let my colleagues feel actively involved in the change process and, hence, support it. Moreover, I hope to gain new insights from my visits to some hospitals and my interactions with some specialist nurses while developing the project. I, therefore, hope to modify my plans and strategies, when the need arises, in order to become an effective change agent within my organisation. Conclusion Personal development plans assist individuals to focus on specific needs and steps to take to achieve their objectives (Floodgate and Nixon, 1994). This essay has assisted me to reflect on my practice and roles as a leader. Whenever there is reflection, there must be a change in perspective (Atkins and Murphy, 1993). Development of change management strategies was identified as my learning objective. Actions to meet this objective were identified and pursued. Gibbss reflective cycle (1988) was used as a guide. Consequently, I have become familiar with different strategies that could be employed to effect and lead change successfully, and plans to implement these in my institution have been proposed, although they are subject to change when new insights are gained.

Sunday, January 19, 2020

Power and Influence in the Workplace Essay

This case study is based upon the conceptual article by Glenys M. Drew titled; ‘Enabling or Real power and influence in leadership’, in which â€Å"aims to provoke thought about power and influence in leadership.† Simply stated, power is our desire to have influence upon others, placing us within a particular social status. According to Lewicki, Barry, and Saunders (2010, p. 199), â€Å"people have power when they have the ability to bring about outcomes they desire or the ability to get things done the way they want them to be done.† Influence is â€Å"the actual strategies and messages that individuals deploy to bring about desired attitudinal or behavioral change,† (Lewicki et al 2010, p. 220). In most relationships there is power imbalances, including an organization structured to flow in a top-down direction. This is known as formal power and influence such as between a boss and his or her subordinate. â€Å"The power imbalance in these relationships stems from the asymmetry in dependence between the parties, which contributes to an asymmetry in influence between the parties,† (Emerson, 1962, p. 37). Problems Specified in the Case â€Å"What constitutes real power and influence in leadership† is addressed and whether â€Å"coercive tactics of wielding power over others† is even necessary. It is contended that the opposite is true in that â€Å"demonstrating real power and influence in leadership† holds back â€Å"usurping power to work with and  enable others to achieve worthwhile ends,† (Drew, 2010, p. 1). Possible solutions presented by the Authors The author explores three suggested solutions of enabling or real power and influence in leadership, each solution is accompanied by an element of paradox. The first suggests that â€Å"enabling or real power and influence does not usurp but serves.† The second is that an instinctual impulse of self-interest is diverted into a more socially acceptable interest for others and the intended goal. The third is that it fosters true engagement in leadership while positioning for growth for the self and others, (Drew, 2010). SWOT Analysis _Strengths_ In diverse coalitions, power and influence can be used to build a consensus. Real power is the ‘power to empower’. _Weaknesses_ In diverse coalitions, power without influence can bring about negative results. â€Å"Usurping power† and self-interest â€Å"tends to stultify and deny useful result,† (p. 7). _Opportunities_ Opportunities exist for leaders to use power to influence guided thinking, not so much to solve problems for people but to engage people in solving problems. _Threats_ Nothing is more important to building vital trust the prevalent state of leadership than that of credibility. A leader can lose credibility when power is misused and when strong professional will and humility are not found to be so effectual. Author’s recommended solution I agree with the author’s recommended solution that â€Å"genuine power and influence reverses the power paradigm, where the leader focuses primarily on the vision ahead more than (demonstrably) on self and partners with and enables others to reach shared goals,† (Drew, 2010, p. 2). Paradoxically, by enabling and empowering others with altruistic use of power and influence is a sign of â€Å"strength, rigor, and potentially rich outcomes† while wielding power just because one can, or for selfish reasons may on the surface seem â€Å"powerful† but could be displayed as weakness, stultification, and acquiring compromised outcomes. The paradox that â€Å"the only power is no power† assists an argument that may be inferred that â€Å"self aggrandizing power, in its bid to grab power, ultimately reduces the self, while resisting the exercise of usurping power expands the self and increases one’s potential for productive influence and authority,† (Drew, 2010, p. 3). â€Å"Self-interest for the interests of the goal† are sublimated by real power and influence within the â€Å"paradoxical proposition that genuine power results from giving rather than taking,† (Drew, 2010, p. 5). Real power and influence displays strength, not weakness within the paradox proposed is that real power and influence â€Å"eschews ‘soft’, uncritical approaches in favor of rigor, building a ‘culture of discipline’,† (Drew, 2010, p. 8). References Emerson, R. M. (1962). â€Å"Power-Dependence Relations,† American Sociological Review 27, 31-40. Drew, G. M. (2010). Enabling or â€Å"real† power and influence in leadership. Journal of Leadership Studies, 4(1), 47-58. doi:10.1002/jls.20154. Lewicki, R.J., Barry, B., & Saunders, D.M. (2010). Negotiation (6th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Online Shopping for Electronic Products Essay

â€Å"The Internet has changed how information is communicated and processed. People use the Internet for different purposes, including communicating with friends, researching and monitoring online stock prices, trading stock, paying bills, banking, and shopping. Growing numbers of consumers purchase goods and services, gather product information, or just to browse online†(Demangeot & Broderick, 2007). People today are indeed bombarded with technology. Most people cannot get through the day without their laptops or smart phones, especially for today’s youth. Since today’s college students were raised in a technological age. â€Å"It is no surprise that internet usage among college respondents has seen a marked increase in recent years† (Budden et al, 2007). â€Å"Most college students surveyed enjoy shopping online† (Arnaudovska et al, 2010). Online shopping gradually appears in people’s lives, especially in college students’ life. â€Å"Online shopping is the process whereby consumers buy goods or services directly from a seller in real time over the Internet. Online shopping environments are, therefore, playing an increasing role in the relationship between marketers and their consumers† (Demangeot & Broderick, 2007). Therefore, internet is not only indeed playing an important role today, but also in the future. â€Å"In the city of the future, bricks-and-mortar retailers will be just as savvy as their online counterparts. In recent years, the convenience of purchasing almost anything via the Internet has driven the decline of numerous chains. Stores don’t have the data websites do, so they don’t understand their customers as well. However, they’re increasingly experimenting with new ways to lure you into their aisles, analyze your patterns and fine-tune their offering-just as the websites have done for years†(Castaldo, J. 2012). For sales of electronic products online, according to US Census’s E-Stats, 2009 E-commerce Multi-sector Report (2011), it increased from 5,848 million dollars in 2003 to 17,684 million dollars in 2009. The Census Bureau of the Department of Commerce announced at November 16, 2012 that â€Å"the estimate of U.S. retail e-commerce sales for the third quarter of 2012 was $57.0 billion, an increase of 3.7 percent from the second quarter of 2012. Total retail sales for the third quarter of 2012 were estimated at $1,092.2 billion, an increase of 1.4 percent from the second quarter of 2012. The third quarter 2012 e-commerce estimate increased 17.3 percent from the third quarter of 2011 while total retail sales increased 4.6 percent in the same period. E-commerce sales in the third quarter of 2012 accounted for 5.2 percent of total sales.† ( U.S. Census Bureau, 2012) According to the research by Yulihasri et al (2011), â€Å"Among all the proposed students differences factors, compatibility and usefulness have been found as the most significant to influence students’ attitude for shopping on Internet and attitude, normative-beliefs have been found as the most significant to influence students’ intention for shopping on Internet. The idea of salient beliefs including compatibility, ease of use, usefulness and security are highly relevant that influence students’ attitude towards on-line shopping, except privacy. However, attitude strongly associated to intention.† The purpose of this study is to investigate college students’ attitudes toward online shopping for electronic products by using Fishbein And Ajzen’s theory of reasoned action (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980). As well as what factors influence people generally on their decision. Shopping online has very different characteristics from shopping in a store. Some of these characteristics may contribute to consumers’ intention to shop online, while others may discourage them. In addition to consumers’ psycho-graphics and demographic backgrounds that likely affect their attitudes toward and intentions of shopping online, the fact that the Internet is accessible and therefore merchandise is widely available is important. According to Laudon et al. (2012), Approximately 80 million households have broadband access to the Internet in 2010, representing about 68 percent of all households. About 83 million Americans now access the Internet using a smartphone such as an iPhone, Droid, or BlackBerry. Mobile e-commerce has begun a rapid growth based on apps, ring tones, downloaded entertainment, and location-based services. In a few years, mobile phones will be the most common Internet access device. In addition, according to Hasslinger et al. (2007)’s research, they identified price, trust and convince as the primary concern when people shopping online.